Legitiming psychiatrists rather than curing patients. The shock therapy in Buenos Aires, Argentina (1930-1970)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2017.08Keywords:
Shock Therapies, Psychiatric Practices, Medical Texts, Disciplinary Legitimation, ArgentinaAbstract
This research aims to explain the theoretical and clinical use of shock therapies in Argentine psychiatric field, particularly in the province of Buenos Aires between 1930 and 1970. It is argued that it is necessary to study the theoretical and clinical psychiatric work, in order to learn how psychiatrists interpreted mental pathology. Thus two distinct scenarios are analyzed: first academia, emphasizing on medical texts expressing discussions held at congresses, conferences, university chairs, and secondly in hospital settings, represented by a population of chronic patients in a hospital on the outskirts of the Capital Federal, the Esteves Hospital of Lomas de Zamora. The use of shock therapy in the hands of psychiatrists, changed the way of understanding madness and transformed the daily course of hospitals. Therefore, the presence of such therapies was relevant to legitimize the discipline, regardless of the “effectiveness” with patients.
Downloads
References
Acusse, Domingo (1945), Cardiozolterapia en Psiquiatría, Tesis de Doctorado, Buenos Aires, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Medicina.
Berrios, Germán (1997), "The scientific origins of electroconvulsive therapy: a conceptual history", History of Psyquiatry, 8, pp. 105-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X9700802908 PMid:11619203
Bourdieu, Pierre (1999), Meditaciones pascalianas, Barcelona, Anagrama, p. 190.
Bourdieu, Pierre y Eagleton, Terry (2000), "'Doxa y vida ordinaria'. Pensamiento crítico contra la dominación", New Left Review, 0, pp.219-231.
Braslow, Joel T. (1997), Mental ills and bodily cures: psychiatric treatment in the first half of the twentieth century, California, University of California Press.
Brown, Edward M. (2000), "Why Wagner-Jauregg won the Nobel Prize for discovering malaria therapy for General Paresis of the insane?", History of Psychiatry, 11 (4), pp. 371-382. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X0001104403
Bula, Nélida y Vita, Nicolás (1939), "Psicosis melancólica y convulsoterapia", Boletín del Instituto Psiquiátrico, 3 (21), pp. 87-101.
Caparrós, Antonio (1962), "Bases para el uso de psicofármacos", Anales Argentinos de Medicina, VII (VII), p. 153.
Conseglieri, Ana (2008), "La introducción de nuevas medidas terapéuticas: entre la laborterapia y el electroshock en el manicomio de Santa Isabel", Frenia, 8 (1), pp. 131-160, p. 145.
Chevallier, Stéphane; Chauviré, Christiane y Consigle, Estela (2011), Diccionario Bourdieu, Buenos Aires, Nueva Visión, pp. 176-177.
Dagfal, Alejandro (2009), Entre París y Buenos Aires. La invención del psicólogo (1942-1966), Buenos Aires, Paidós, p. 486.
Dagfal, Alejandro (2015), "El pasaje de la higiene mental a la salud mental en la Argentina, 1920-1960. El caso de Enrique Pichon-Rivière", Trashumante. Revista Americana de Historia Social, 5, pp. 10-36, pp. 25-26. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.trahs.n5a02
Doroshow, Deborah Blythe (2007), "Performing a Cure for Schizophrenia: Insulin Coma Therapy on the Wards", Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 62 (2), pp. 213-243. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrl044 PMid:17105748
Fischer, Edmundo (1961a), "Algunos Aspectos Psicofisiológicos de la Psicofarmacología", Psiquiatría, 1 (4), pp. 61-66.
Fischer, Edmundo (1961b), "Algunos enfoques clínicos de la psicofarmacología", Psiquiatría, 3 (1), p. 67.
Foucault, Michel, (2005), El poder psiquiátrico, Madrid, Akal.
Foz, Antonio, Vita, Nicolás., Ansaldi, Inocencio, Ordo-ez, José. (1937), "Insulinoterapia en psiquiatría", Boletín del Instituto Psiquiátrico, 1 (20-21), pp. 40-76.
García, Ramón (coord.) (1975), Psiquiatría, antipsiquiatría y orden manicomial, Barcelona, Barral.
Golcman, Alejandra (2012), "The experiment of the therapeutic communities in Argentina: the case of the Hospital Esteves", Psychoanalysis and History, 4 (2), pp. 269-284. https://doi.org/10.3366/pah.2012.0112
Goldemberg, Mauricio, Bar, Liliana, Caparrós, Antonio, Casarino, Marcelo, Germano, Carlos, Hammond, Harold, Kesselman, Hernán y Sluzki, Carlos (1961), "Nuestra experiencia en psicofarmacología clínica. Segundo Congreso Argentino de Psiquiatría". Tema II: Psicofarmacología clínica, Acta Neuropsiquiátrica Argentina, 7, pp. 83-84.
Goldemberg, Mauricio, Barenblit, Valentín y Sluzki, Carlos (1964), "Los psicofármacos en psiquiatría", La Semana Médica, tomo 125, I (28).
Goffman, Erving (2001), Internados. Ensayos sobre la situación de los enfermos mentales, Buenos Aires, Amorrortu.
Grob, Gerald (1991), From Asylum to Community: Mental Health Policy in Modern America, Princeton, Princeton University Press, p. 127. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400862306
Huertas, Rafael (2009), "El nacimiento del manicomio. De la medicalización de la locura a la gestión de los 'residuos'", Bostezo, 1 (3), pp. 42-45.
Kingsley, Jones (2000), "Insulin Coma Therapy in Schizophrenia", Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 93, pp. 147-149. https://doi.org/10.1177/014107680009300313 PMid:10741319 PMCid:PMC1297956
Leonardis, Ota de (1992), "Políticas sociales: reinventar nuevos parámetros". En: Álvarez-Uría, Fernando, y Bailleau, Francis (coords.), Marginación e inserción. Los nuevos retos de las políticas sociales, Madrid, Endimión, pp. 55-68.
Lertora, Adolfo (1941), "Shockterapia de las psicosis", Boletín del Hospital Melchor Romero, 1 (2), pp. 29-34.
Luna, J. A.; Fernández Amallo, J.; Cacliotti, C. y Bucich, G. (1969), "La trifluorperacina en la esquizofrenia. Su uso intratecal", Acta Psiquiátrica y Psicológica de América Latina, XV (1), pp. 91-95.
Novella, Eric J. y Huertas, Rafael (2010), "El síndrome de Kraepelin-Bleuler-Schneider y la conciencia moderna: una aproximación a la historia de la esquizofrenia", Clínica y Salud, 21 (3), pp. 205-219, pp. 212-215.
Melgar, Ramón; Rodríguez Villegas, Raúl; Weledniger, Lola y Luna, Héctor Máximo (1960) "La trifluoperacina en el tratamiento de las esquizofrenias crónicas", Psiquiatría, 3. (1), p. 51-62.
Pichon Rivière, Enrique (1946), "Contribución a la teoría psicoanalítica de la esquizofrenia", Revista de Psicoanálisis, 4 (1), pp. 1-22.
Plotkin, Mariano Ben (1997), "Freud, Politics, and the Porte-os: The Reception of Psychoanalysis in Buenos Aires (1910- 1943)", Hispanic American Historical Review, 77 (1), pp. 45- 74, pp. 52-53.
Plotkin, Mariano Ben (2001), Freud in the Pampas. The Emergence and Development of a Psychoanalytic Culture in Argentina, Stanford University Press, California, p. 125.
Sadowsky, Jonathan (2006), "Beyond the Metaphor of the Pendulum: Electroconvulsive Therapy, Psychoanalysis, and the Styles of American Psychiatry", Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 61 (1), pp. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrj001. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrj001 PMid:16239498
Scull, Andrew (1994), "Somatic Treatments and the Historiography of Psychiatry", History of Psychiatry, 5, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X9400501701 PMid:11639275
Shorter, Edward (1997), A History of Psychiatry. From the Era of the Asylum to the Age of Prozac, Nueva York, John Wiley.
Shorter, Edward y Healy, David (2007), Shock Therapy: A History of Electroconvulsive Treatment in Mental Illness, New Brunswick, Rutgers University.
Szasz, Thomas (1961), The Myth of Mental Illnes: Foundations of a Theory of Personal Conduct, Nueva York, Hoeber-Harper.
Tourney, Garfield (1967), "A History of Therapeutic Fashions in Psychiatry, 1800-1966", American Journal of Psychiatry, 124, pp. 784-796. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.124.6.784 PMid:4862952
Vezzetti, Hugo (1996), Aventuras de Freud en el país de los argentinos. De José Ingenieros a Enrique Pichon Rivière, Buenos Aires, Paidós.
Villasante, Olga (2003), "La malarioterapia en el tratamiento de la Parálisis General Progresiva: Primeras experiencias en España". En: Fuentenebro, Filiberto; Huertas, Rafael y Valiente, Carmen (eds.), Historia de la psiquiatría en Europa. Temas y tendencias, Madrid, Frenia, pp. 175-188.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2017 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.