“Pensando con las manos”: viejas y nuevas perspectivas en epistemología artesanal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2024.24Palabras clave:
Conocimiento científico, Conocimiento artesanal, Ciencia moderna, Ilustración, Industrialización, OrienteResumen
Los estudios recientes sobre las ciencias cuestionan la legitimidad del modelo centro/periferia, y su capacidad para dar cuenta de la dinámica que comporta la construcción histórica de los desarrollos científicos. Sin embargo, esa dicotomía está presente en los estudios sobre la ciencia y con frecuencia se considera natural tomar como “científico” sólo parte de lo que es científico. Así, se supone que en “lo científico” también existe una cierta jerarquía, una graduación desde la ciencia pura y lo teórico, más excelso, a la ciencia aplicada y lo experimental, más enfangado en las tareas de los laboratorios, sujetas a la interpretación. El problema se acentúa cuando los laboratorios se alejan de las teorías, cuando las experimentaciones se realizan sin su guía aristocrática. Este problema se torna dramático cuando se trata de estudiar un tipo de conocimiento emparentado con el arcano de la experimentación, pero con circuitos propios; nos referimos al conocimiento artesanal. Atendiendo a esta problemática, el presente artículo tiene como principal objetivo explorar el alcance que la noción de “epistemología artesanal” tiene en la historia de la ciencia a través de una revisión crítica de las publicaciones más recientes. Dicha revisión permitirá tanto reconstruir las razones que han llevado a atender al trabajo de los artesanos como orientar al lector hacia dónde parecen dirigirse los florecientes estudios culturales en este ámbito. A pesar de que este artículo es el primero de un conjunto de textos dedicados a la cultura marítima, la revisión bibliográfica que aquí se hace no se limita únicamente a este tema y ofrece un amplio panorama sobre la historiografía pujante de la historia de lo artesanal.
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