La ciencia del tabaco en Puerto Rico, 1900-1940

Teresita Levy

doi:10.3989/asclepio.2015.07

Autores/as

Teresita Levy Department of Latin American, Latino and Puerto Rican Studies. Lehman College

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2015.07

Palabras clave:

Puerto Rico, Tabaco, Experimentación científica, Participación política, Colonialismo

Resumen

El tabaco se convirtió en un importante producto de exportación para Puerto Rico después de la ocupación norteamericana de 1898, debido a las inversiones en su estudio científico: el cultivo eficiente, la estructura económica y el mercadeo. La experimentación científica y la aplicación práctica de los descubrimientos en las fincas tabacaleras ofrecieron un campo de saber para establecer relaciones cooperativas significativas entre los cultivadores, los científicos en Puerto Rico y EEUU, y el gobierno insular y federal. El compromiso de los puertorriqueños en la ciencia del tabaco, incluyendo su apoyo por la investigación, las demandas continuas para fondos y una legislación agrícola beneficiosa, así como la adopción de la tecnología agrícola moderna, demuestra que éstos no eran pasivos frente a los rápidos cambios económicos de entonces. Por el contrario, ellos eran activistas políticos, usando las garantías democráticas disponibles dentro de la estructura colonial de los EEUU para mejorar su situación económica.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, University of Puerto Rico (1935a), Annual Report of the Director for the Year 1933–34, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, University of Puerto Rico (1937b), Annual Report of the Agricultural Experiment Station. Fiscal Year 1935–36, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, University of Puerto Rico (1938c), Annual Report of the Agricultural Experiment Station. Fiscal Year 1936–37, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, University of Puerto Rico (1939d), Annual Report of the Agricultural Experiment Station. Fiscal Year 1937–38, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, University of Puerto Rico (1939e), Annual Report of the Agricultural Experiment Station. Fiscal Year 1938–39, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, University of Puerto Rico (1941f), Annual Report of the Agricultural Experiment Station. Fiscal Year 1940–41, Lancaster Press.

Anónimo (1929), “El Gobernador veda el proyecto del tabaco: Un nuevo aspecto de la acción destructora del Gobernador”, El Agricultor Puertorriqueño, 7 (9), p. 26.

Anónimo (1934), “Demanda contra la Comisión Protectora del Tabaco declarada sin lugar”, El Agricultor Puertorriqueño, 14 (6), p. 15.

Becerra de Weierich, Isabel (1969), Las primeras estaciones agronómicas en Puerto Rico, Master’s, tesis. University of Puerto Rico.

Board of Commissioners of Agriculture (1913a), Second Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture for the Period from January 1, 1912 to June 30, 1913. Issued June 30, 1913, San Juan Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Board of Commissioners of Agriculture (1915b), Third Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture for the Period from July 1, 1913 to July 1, 1914, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Board of Commissioners of Agriculture (1916c), Fourth Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture for the Period from July 1, 1914 to July 1, 1915, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Board of Commissioners of Agriculture (1917d), Fifth Report of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture for the Period from July 1, 1915 to June 30, 1916. Issued June 30, 1916, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Bureau of the Census (1913a), Thirteenth Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1910. Statistics for Porto Rico: Agriculture, Washington, DC.

Bureau of the Census (1922b), Fourteenth Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1920, Vol. 6, Pt. 3, Agriculture, Washington, DC.

Bureau of the Census (1932c), Fifteenth Census of the United States: 1930. Outlying Territories and Possessions, Washington, DC.

Bureau of the Census (1942d), Sixteenth Census of the United States: 1940. Reports for Puerto Rico: Census of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

Camuñas, Manuel, Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor (1917a), Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor of Porto Rico, 1917. From the Report of the Governor of Porto Rico, 1917, pages 545–562 inclusive, Washington, Government Printing Office.

Camuñas, Manuel, Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor (1918b), Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor of Porto Rico, 1918. From the Report of the Governor of Porto Rico, 1918, pages 621–649 inclusive, Washington, Government Printing Office.

Camuñas, Manuel, Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor (1919c), Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor of Porto Rico, 1919. From the Report of the Governor of Porto Rico, 1919, pages 685–713 inclusive, Washington, Government Printing Office.

Camuñas, Manuel, Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor (1921d), Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor of Porto Rico, 1921. From the Report of the Governor of Porto Rico, 1921, pages 448–503 inclusive, Washington, Government Printing Office.

Chardón, Carlos, Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor (1926a), Annual Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor Submitted to the Governor of Porto Rico, 1924–25, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Chardón, Carlos, Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor (1927b), Informe del Comisionado de Agricultura y Trabajo al Honorable Gobernador de Puerto Rico, 1925–1926, San Juan, Negociado de Materiales, Imprenta y Transporte.

Chardón, Carlos, Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor (1929c), Informe del Comisionado de Agricultura y Trabajo al Honorable Gobernador de Puerto Rico, 1928, San Juan, Negociado de Materiales, Imprenta y Transporte.

Clark, Victor (1930), Porto Rico and Its Problems. Washington, Brookings Institution.

Comisión Para Proteger el Tabaco de Puerto Rico (1930), Informe Anual de la Comisión para Proteger el Tabaco de Puerto Rico (1929–1930), San Juan, Negociado de Materiales, Imprenta y Transporte.

Cook, Melville T., and José I. Otero (1937), “History of the First Quarter of a Century of the Agricultural Experiment Station at Río Piedras, Puerto Rico”, Boletín de la Estación Experimental Agrícola, 44.

Crowley, J. T. (1911), “Organization of the Station and Cultivation of Sugar Cane in Porto Rico”, Boletín de la Estación Experimental Agrícola 1, p. 6.

Díaz de Acín, Nilsa (1967), La participación de la Estación Experimental de Agricultura de la Universidad de Puerto Rico en el desarrollo agrícola de Puerto Rico, Master’s thesis, University of Puerto Rico.

Esteva, Carlos Jr. (1940a), Third Annual Report of the Tobacco Institute of Puerto Rico (1938–1939), San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Esteva, Carlos Jr. (1942b), Annual Reports of the Tobacco Institute of Puerto Rico. Fiscal Years 1939–1940 and 1940–1941, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Gandía Córdova, Ramón, Acting Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor (1920), Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor of Porto Rico, 1920. From the Report of the Governor of Porto Rico, 1920, pages 503–566 inclusive, Washington, Government Printing Office.

Insular Experiment Station of Puerto Rico (1917), Annual Report of the Insular Experiment Station of Puerto Rico for the Period from July 1, 1916 to July 1, 1917, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Insular Experiment Station of Puerto Rico, Department of Agriculture and Labor of Puerto Rico (1919a), Eighth Annual Report of the Insular Experiment Station of the Department of Agriculture and Labor of Puerto Rico for the Period from July 1, 1917 to June 30, 1918, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Insular Experiment Station of Puerto Rico, Department of Agriculture and Labor of Puerto Rico (1920b), Tenth Annual Report of the Insular Experimental Station of the Department of Agriculture and Labor of Puerto Rico. Fiscal Year 1919–20, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Insular Experiment Station of Puerto Rico, Department of Agriculture and Labor of Puerto Rico (1921c), Eleventh Annual Report of the Insular Experimental Station of the Department of Agriculture and Labor of Puerto Rico. Fiscal Year 1920–21, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Insular Experiment Station of Puerto Rico, Department of Agriculture and Labor of Puerto Rico (1922d), Twelfth Annual Report of the Insular Experimental Station of the Department of Agriculture and Labor of Puerto Rico. Fiscal Year 1921–22, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Insular Experiment Station of Puerto Rico, Department of Agriculture and Labor of Puerto Rico (1924e), Thirteenth Annual Report of the Insular Experimental Station of the Department of Agriculture and Labor of Puerto Rico. Fiscal Year 1922–23, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Insular Experiment Station of Puerto Rico, Department of Agriculture and Labor of Puerto Rico (1924f), Fourteenth Annual Report of the Insular Experimental Station of the Department of Agriculture and Labor of Puerto Rico. Fiscal Year 1923–24, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Insular Experiment Station of Puerto Rico, Department of Agriculture and Labor of Puerto Rico (1931g), Annual Report of the Insular Experimental Station of the Department of Agriculture and Labor of Puerto Rico. Fiscal Year 1929–30, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

López Domínguez, Francisco A. (1926a), Fifteenth Annual Report of the Insular Experimental Station of the Department of Agriculture and Labor of Puerto Rico. Fiscal Year 1924-25, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

López Domínguez, Francisco A. (1929b), Seventeenth Annual Report of Director of the Insular Experimental Station of the Department of Agriculture and Labor of Puerto Rico. Fiscal Year 1926–27, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Lugo, Wanda I. y José Arroyo Aguilú (2001), “EEA celebra 90 años a la vanguardia de la ciencia y tecnología agrícola”, Crónicas Universitarias, 6 (2), pp. 21-26.

McCook, Stuart (2001), “Promoting the ‘Practical’: Science and Agricultural Modernization in Puerto Rico and Colombia, 1920–1940”, Agricultural History 75 (1), pp. 52–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ah.2001.75.1.52 PMid:18183673

Menéndez Ramos, Rafael (1933a), Comisionado de Agricultura y Comercio. Informe Anual del Comisionado de Agricultura y Comercio correspondiente al año fiscal 1932–1933, San Juan, Departamento de Agricultura y Comercio.

Menéndez Ramos, Rafael (1934b), Comisionado de Agricultura y Comercio, Informe Anual del Comisionado de Agricultura y Comercio correspondiente al año fiscal 1933–1934, San Juan, Negociado de Materiales, Imprenta y Transporte.

Nolla, J.A.B. (1937), First Report of the Tobacco Institute of Puerto Rico. Fiscal Year 1936–37, San Juan, Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation.

Rodríguez Géigel, A. (1941), Servicio de Extensión Agrícola. Colegio de Agricultura y Artes Mecánicas de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Informe Anual del Servicio de Extensión Agrícola. Diciembre 1, 1940 a noviembre 30, 1941, Río Piedras, Universidad de Puerto Rico.

Servicio de Extensión Agrícola. Colegio de Agricultura y Artes Mecánicas de la Universidad de Puerto Rico (1938), Sirviendo al Agro. Informe de las actividades del Servicio de Extensión Agrícola de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. December 1, 1937 to November 30, 1938, Río Piedras, Universidad de Puerto Rico.

Tobacco Institute of Puerto Rico (1945), Tobacco Institute Report. Fiscal Years 1941–42, 1942–43, San Juan, Real Hermanos, Inc.