La ciencia de la resurrección

Carlos Solís

doi:10.3989/asclepio.2012.v64.i2.523

Autores/as

Carlos Solís Departamento de Lógica, Historia y Filosofía de la Ciencia. UNED

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2012.v64.i2.523

Palabras clave:

Resurrección, Palingenesia, Razones seminales, Neoplatonismo, Medicina paracelsiana

Resumen

Hasta la Ilustración era común considerar que la religión revelada contenía información empírica. La doctrina cristiana de la resurrección de los muertos planteó problemas biomédicos y a su vez se apoyó en teorías médicas, embriológicas y químicas. A partir del Renacimiento las doctrinas paracelsianas y estoicas de las razones seminales capaces de organizar y animar la materia dieron pie a experimentos sobre resurrección artificial o palingenesia. Se estudia el origen de la doctrina religiosa, su confluencia con las filosofías renacentistas, su reelaboración mecánico-corpuscular en manos de Boyle y la paulatina extinción de las creencias en esos fenómenos con el desarrollo de los informes de laboratorio de las academias nacionales.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Anstey, Peter R. (2002) "Boyle on Seminal Principles". Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 33, pp. 597-630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1369-8486(02)00025-0

Avramescu, Ctlin (2009), An Intellectual History of Cannibalism. Princeton University Press.

Barnard, L. W. (1976), "Athenagoras: De Resurrectione", Studia Theologica, 30, pp. 1-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00393387608599957

Bremmer, Jan N. (1983), The Early Greek Concept of the Soul. Princeton University Press.

Bynum, Caroline Walker (1995), The Resurrection of the Body in Western Christianity. Columbia University Press. PMCid:40279

Candlish, John (1968), "St. Thomas Aquinas and the Dynamic State of Body Constituents", Journal of History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, XXIII (3), pp. 272-275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/XXIII.3.272

Clericuzio, Antonio (1990), "Robert Boyle and the English Helmontians". En: Z.R.W.M. von Martels (ed.), Alchemy Revisited. Leiden: E. J. Brill, pp. 192-199.

Debus, Allen G. (1973), "A Further note on Palingenesis: The Account of Ebenezer Sibly in the Illustration of Astrology (1792)". Isis, Vol. 64, (2), pp. 226-230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/351083

Denifle, Henricus (ed.), Chartularium Universitatis Parisinsis, Tomo I. Paris: ex typis fratrum Delalain, 1889.

Denzinger, Henricus, Enchiridion symbolorum et definitionum. Würzbug: Sumptibus Stahelianis, 1854.

Desmond, Annabelle (1962), "How many people have ever lived on Earth?" Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution, pp. 545-566.

Dunn, James D. G. (ed.) (2003), The Cambridge Companion to St Paul. Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CCOL0521781558

Endsjø, Dag Øistein (2008), "Immortal Bodies, before Christ: Bodily Continuity in Ancient Greece and 1 Corinthians". Journal for the Study of the New Testament, 30 (June), pp. 417-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142064X08091442

Endsjø, Dag Øistein (2009), Greek Resurrection Beliefs and the Success of Christianity. Nueva York: Palgrave Macmilan.

Fraijó, Manuel (1985), Jesús y los marginados. Utopía y esperanza cristiana. Madrid: Ediciones Cristiandad.

Forstrom, Joanna S. (2010), John Locke and Personal Identity. Inmortality and Bodily Resurrection in Seventeenth-Century Philosophy. Nueva York: Continuum International Publishing Group.

Garber, Margaret D. (2007), "Transitioning from Transubstantiation to Transmutation: Catholic Anxieties over Chymical Matter Theory at the University of Prague". En: Principe, L. (2007), pp. 63- 76.

Haub, Carl (2002), "How many People have ever lived on Earth?", Population Today, 30 (8), pp. 3-4 (publicado inicialmente en el número 23 de Febrero de 1995, p. 4).

Hirai, Hiro (2005), Le concept de semence dans les théories de la matière à la Renaissance: de Marsile Ficin à Pierre Gassendi. Turnhout: Brepols.

Jaeger, Werner (1961), Early Christianity and Greek Paideia. Cambridge/Londres: HarvardUniversity Press. PMCid:1057792

Johnston, Sarah Iles (1999), Restless Dead: Encounters between the Living and the Dead in Ancient Greece. University of California Press.

Johnston, Sarah Iles (Ed.) (2007), Ancient Religions. Belknap Press.

Lehtippu, Outi (2009), "«Flesh and Blood cannot Inherit the Kingdom of God». The Transformation of the Flesh in the Early Christian Debates concerning Resurrection". En: Seim y Økland 2009, pp. 147-168.

Mann, Neil (2007), "W. B. Keats and the Vegetable Phoenix". En: Warwick Gould (ed.), Influence and Confluence. Yeats Annual, 17. Londres: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 3-35.

Marx, Jacques (1971), "Alchimie et Palingénésie". Isis, 52, (3), pp. 275-289.

Mercer, Christia (2001), Leibniz's Metaphysics. Its Origins and Development. Cambridge U.P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511498268

Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome (2003), "1 and 2 Corinthians". En: James D. G. Dunn 2003, pp. 74-90.

Newman, William R. (2004), Promethean Ambitions. Alchemy and the Quest to Perfect Nature. Chicago University Press.

Ogren, Brian (2009), Renaissance and Rebirth. Leiden: Brill. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004177642.i-322

Perkins, Pheme (1984), Resurrection: New Testament Witness and Contemporary Reflection. Garden City: Doubleday & Company.

Peterschmitt, Luc (2009), "Boyle et les experiences contingents". En: Dennehy, Myriam y Ramond, Charles (Eds.), La philosophie naturelle de Robert Boyle. París: Vrin, pp. 195-211.

Porter, Stanley E. (1999), "Resurrection, the Greeks and the New Testament". En: Porter, S. E., Hayes, M. A. y Thombs, D. (Eds.), Resurrection. Sheffield Academic Press, pp.52-81.

Principe, Lawrence M. (Ed.) (2007), Chymists and Chymistry. Studies in the History of Alchemy and Early Modern Chemistry. Sagamore Beach: Science History Publications. PMCid:2248704

Reichman, Edward y Rosner, Fred (1996), "The Bone Called Luz". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 51(2), pp. 52-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/51.1.52 PMid:9120253

Redondi, Pietro (1990), Galileo herético. Madrid: Alianza. (Original de 1983.)

Rohde, Erwin (1966), Psyche: The Cult of Souls and Belief in Immortality among the Greeks. New York: Harper & Row. (Original de 1921.)

Secret, Francois (1979), "Palingenesis, Alchemy, and Metempsychosis in Renaissance Medicine". Ambix, 26, pp. 81-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/000269879790224032 PMid:11610740

Segarra, Francisco (1929), De identitate corporis mortalis et corporis resurgentis disputatio theologica. Madrid: Razón y Fe.

Seim, Turid Karlsen y .kland, Jorunn (Eds.) (1009), Metamorphoses: Resurrection, Body, and Transformative Practices in Early Christianity. Berlín: De Gruiter.

Solís, Carlos (2007), "Descartes, el atomista veleidoso, o los indivisibles siempre llaman dos veces". Éndoxa, 22, pp. 119-141.

Strickland, Lloyd (2009), "The «Flower of Substance», and the Resurrection of the Same Body". The Philosophical Forum, 40, 3, pp. 391-410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9191.2009.00335.x

Vermeule, Emily (1981), Aspects of Death in Early Greek Art and Poetry. University of California Press. (Original, 1979.)

Whiteside, Beatrice y Hutin, Serge (1966), Paracelse. L'homme, le médecin, l'alchimiste. La medicine. Les doctrines secrètes. París: La Table Ronde. Becher, Johann Joachim (1726), Chymischer Glücks-Hafen. Halle: Ernst Gottlieb Krug. Beguin, Jean (1634), Tyrocinium chymicum. Wittemberg: Georg Müller. Bodin, Jean (1588), Colloquium heptaplomeres de rerum sublimium arcanis abditis. Hay edición espanola, Coloquio de los siete sabios, Madrid: Centro de Estudios políticos y Constitucionales, 1998, e inglesa de Marion Leathers Kuntz, Colloquium of the Seven about the Secrets of the Sublime. The Pennsylvania University Press, 2008, por la que se cita. Bonnet, Charles (1770), La palingénésie philosophique, ou idées sur l'état passé et sur l'état futur des e^tres vivans, 2 vols. Ginebra: Philibert et Chirol.

Boyle, Robert (1661), Certain Physiological Essays and other Tracts; Written at distant Times, and on several Occasions. En: Boyle, R. (1999), vol. 2, pp. 3-113.

Boyle, Robert (1661), The Sceptical Chymist: or Chymico-Physical Doubts & Paradoxes, Touching the Experiments whereby Vulgar Spagirists Are wont to endeavour to Evince their Salt, Sulphur and Mercury, to be The True Principles of Things. En : Boyle (1999), vol. 2, pp. 227-378.

Boyle, Robert (1675), Some Considerations about the Reconcileableness of Reason and Religion by T. E., A lay man. To which is annex'd by the Publisher a Discourse of Mr. Boyle, About The Possibility of Resurrection. En: Boyle (1999), vol. 8, pp. 233-313.

Boyle, Robert (1999), The Works of Robert Boyle. Edición de M. Hunter y E. B. Davies, 14 vols. Londres: Pickering and Chatto.

Browne, Thomas (1645), Religio medici, Londres: Crooke.

Clave, Étienne de (1635), Paradoxes, ou traittéz philosophiques des pierres et pierreries, contre l'opinion vulgaire, auxquels sont demonstrez la matiere, la cause eficiente externe, la semence, la generation, la definition, et la nutrition d'icelles, ensemble la generation de tous les mixtes, scavoir est des animaux, vegetaux, et mineraux, ou fossiles. París: Pierre Chevalier.

Cox, Daniel (1674), "A Discourse denying the Pre-existence of Alcalizate or Fixed Salts in any Subject, before it were exposed to the Action of Fire: To which is added a Confirmation of an Assertion, delivered in Numb. 101, p. 5, §6 of these Tracts, viz. That Alkalizate or Fixed Salts extracted out of the Ashes of Vegetables, do not differ from each other: The same likewise affirm'd of Volatile Salts and Vinous Spirits". Philosophical Transactions, IX, N. 107 (2 de octubre), pp. 150-158; "A continuation of Dr. Daniel Coxe Discourse begun in Number 107…". Philosophical Transactions (23 de noviembre), pp. 169-178.

Croll, Oswald (1609), Basilica chymica, continens philosophicam propriam laborum experientiam confirmatam desriptionem et usum Remediorum Chymicorum Selectessimorum ex lumine Gratiae et Naturae Desumptorum. In fine libri additus est Autoris eiusdem tractatus novus De Signaturis Rerum internis. Frankfurt: Godfried Tampach.

Digby, Kenelm (1644), Two Treatises. In the one of which the Nature of Bodies; in the other the Nature of Mans Soule: in way of Discovery, of the Immortality of Reasonable Soules. París: Gilles Blaizot.

Digby, Kenelm (1661), A Discourse Concerning the Vegetation of Plants spoken by Sir Kenelm Digby at Gresham College, on the 23 January 1660 [2 de febrero de 1661], at a Meeting of the Society for Promoting Philosophical Knowledge by Experiments. Londres: J. C. para John Dakins. (Uso la versión francesa, Discours sur la Vegetation des Plantes. París: Chez la veuve Moet, 1667.)

Dobrzensky de Nigro Ponte, Jakob Joannes Wenceslaus (1657), Nova et amoenior de admirando fontium genio… philosophiae. Ferrara.

Duchesne (Quercetanus), Joseph (1604), Ad veritatem hermeticae medicinae ex Hippocrastis veterumque decretis…, adversus cuiusdam Anonymi phantasmata Responsio. París: Abraham Saugrain.

Du Prel, Carl Freiherr, (1889), "Der Pflanzenphönix", Sphinx. Organ d. Theosophischen Vereinigung und d. Deutschen Theosophischen Gesellschaft, VII, 40, pp: 192-202.

Feijoo, Benito Jerónimo (1726-40), Theatro crítico universal. Madrid. Viuda de Francisco del Hierro (Tomo III, Discurso 3).

Franckenau, Georg Frank von (1685), Flora Francica, Estrasburgo: Staedelius. (Contiene un Apéndice con información sobre palingenesia.)

Franckenau, Georg Frank von (1717), Palingenesia sive resuscitatione artificiali plantarum, hominum et animalium e suis cineribus liber singularis, possibilitatem futurae corporum nostrorum resurrectionis solide ac gloriose demonstrans… Hale: Apud Felicem du Serre.

Galeno de Pérgamo, In Hippocratis librum de alimento commentarii. En: Karl Gottlob Kühn, Claudii Galeni Opera Omnia. 20 Vols., Leipzig: Knobloch, 1821-33; reimpresión en Hildesheim: Georg Holms, 1964-65; Volumen XV, pp. 224-418.

Gaffarel, Jacques (1629), Cvriositez inovyes, sur la scvltvre talismanique des Persans, Horoscope des Patriarches, et lectvre des Etoiles. París: Hervé du Mesnil. (Trad. inglesa de Edmund Chilmead, Vnheard-of Curiosities. Londres: Humphrey Moseley, 1650.)

Garmann, Christian Friedrich (1709), De miraculis mortuorum libri tres, quibus praemissa dissertatio de cadavere & miraculis in genere. Opus physico-medicum curiosis observationibus, experimentis, aliisqve rebus, qvae ad elegantiores literas spectant, exornatum, diu desideratum & expetitum, beato autoris obitu interveniente editum a L. Immanuele Heinrico Garmanno. Leipzig: Johannes Christoph Zimmermann.

Gualdo Priorato, Galeazzo (1656), Historia della Sacra Real Maestà di Christina Alessandra Regina de Svetia. Roma: Stamperia della Rev. Camera Apostolica.

Hannemann, Johannes Ludovicus (1679), Phoenix botanicus, ceu diatriba physica curiosa, de plantarum et suis cineribus resucitatione. Kiel, s.n.

Helmont, Joan Baptista van (1648), Pharmacopolium ac dispensatorium modernum. En Van Helmont, Ortus medicinae. Amsterdam: Ludovico Elzevir, pp. 452-569.

Highmore, Nathaniel (1651), The History of Generation, Examining the several Opinions of divers Authors, especially that of Sir Kenelm Digby in his Discourse of Bodies. Londres: R. N. para John Martin.

Kerger, Martin (1663), De Fermentatione Liber Physico-Medicus. Cui de Inseparabiltate Formarum materialium & Vita Singularia sunt innexa. Omni perpetuis experimentis firmata. Wittenberg: Johannes Borckard.

Kestler, Johann Stephan (1680), Physiologia kiercheriana experimentalis. Amsterdam: Jan Waesberg.

Kiesewetter, Carl (1889), "Die Palingenesie in ihrer Geschichte und Praxis geschildert", Sphinx, 8.46 (octubre), pp. 207-216; 217-224. (Traducido al francés en L'Initiation, 31.7, París, Abril de 1896, pp. 41-64, bajo el nombre de Kusewetter.)

Kircher, Athanasius (1641), Magnes siue De Arte Magnetica. Roma: Ludovico Grignani; segunda edición, Colonia: Jodocus Kalcoven, 1643.

Kircher, Athanasius (1678), Mundus subterraneus, Tomus II. Amsterdam: J. Jansson y E. Weyerstraten.

Lana Terzi, Francesco (1684-1692), Magisterium naturae et artis, 3 vols. Brescia: M. Ricciardum.

Leibniz, Gottfried Wihelm (1923 y sigs,), Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe. Berlín: Akademie Verlag.

Leibniz, Gottfried Wihelm (1948), Textes inédits d'après des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque provinciale d'Hanovre. Ed. Gaston Grua. 2 vols. Paris; reimpresión, Nueva York: Garland, 1985.

Lémery, Nicolas (1697), Cours de Chymie. Contenant la maniere de faire les Operations qui sont en usage dans la Medecine, par une Methode facile, avec des raisonnements sur chaque opération, pour l'instruction de ceux qui veulent s'appliquer à cette science. Novena edición revisada, corregida y aumentada por el autor. París: Estienne Michallet. (Original de 1675.)

Mairan, Jean Jacques d'Ortous de (1716), Dissertation sur la glace, ou explication physique de la formation de la glace, et de ses divers phenomenes. Burdeos; usamos la edición de París: Imprimerie Royale, 1749.

Marci de Kronland, Iohannes Marcus (Jan Marek Marci) (1635), Idearum operatricum Idea, sive hypotiposys et detectio illius occultae virtutis, quae semina fecundat, et ex iisdem corpora organica producit. Praga: Seminario arzobispal.

Maxwell, William (1656), Medicina magnetica, or, The rare and wonderful art of curing by sympathy laid open in aphorisms, proved in conclusions, and digested into an easy method drawn from both: wherein the connexion of the causes and effects of these strange operations, are more fully discovered than heretofore, all cleared and confirmed, by pithy reasons, true experiments, and pleasant relations, preserved and published, as a master-piece in this skill by C. de Iryngio [publicado por Christopher Irving a partir de un manuscrito anónimo]... Edimburgo: C. Higgins. (Traducción latina, De medicina magnetica, Frankfurt: J.B. Zubradt, 1679.)

Mersenne, Marin (1932), Correspondance du P. Marin Mersenne, Religieux minime,publiée par Mme Paul Tannery, editée et annotée par Cornelis de Waard avec la collaboration de René Pintard. Vol. I, París: Gabriel Beauchesne; París P.U.F., 1945, por la que se cita.

Mögling, Johann Ludwig (1683), Palingenesis, seu resurrectio plantarum, ejusque ad resurrectionem corporum nostrorum futuram applicatio. Tubinga: Martinus Rommey.

Monconys, Balthasar (1666), Iournal des Voyages de Monsieur de Monconys. Seconde Partie. Lyon: Horace Boissat et George Remeus.

Münster, Sebastian (1539), Messias Christianorum et Iudeorum (Sefer Ha Vikuach). Basilea: Heinrich Petrus.

Paracelso [pseudo] (1658), De natura rerum. Libros 1-7 editados por Adam von Bodenstein en 1572, y libros 8-9 editados por Lucas Bathodius en 1584. Se cita por Paracelsi Bombast ab Hohenheim… Operum Volumen Secvndum, Opera Chemica et Philosophica Complectens. Ginebra: Ioan. Antonij & Samuelis De Tournes, pp. 84-116.

Peiresc, Nicolas-Claude Fabri de (1888), Lettres de Peiresc aux Frères Dupuy. Editadas por Philippe Tamizey Larroque, París: Imprimerie Nationale.

Pitaval, Francois Gayot (1734-1743), Causes célèbres et intéressantes. París: Theodore Legras (18 volúmenes).

Prel, Carl du (1889), “Der Pflanzenphönix”, Sphinx, 7.40 (Leipzig, Abril), pp. 193-202.

Rolfinck, Werner (1661), Chimia in artis formam Redacta. Jena: Samuel Krebs.

Schaff, Philip (1885), Fathers of the Second Century: Hermas, Tatian, Athenagoras, Theophilus, and Clement of Alexandria. Grand Rapids: Christian Classics Ethereal Library; URL: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf02.html.

Schaff, Philip (1885), Fathers of the Third Century: Tertullian, Part Fourth; Minucius Felix; Commodian; Origen, Parts First and Second. Grand Rapids: Christian Classics Ethereal Library; URL: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf04.html.

Schott, Gaspar (1662), Physica curiosa, sive mirabilia naturae et artis, libris XII. comprehensa. Wurtzburgo: Johann Andreas Endter & Jobus Hertz. (Uso la edición de 1667.)

Schott, Gaspar (1664), Technica curiosa, sive mirabilia artis. Nuremberg: Johann Andreas Endter & Jobus Hertz.

Sennert, Daniel (1619), De chymicorum cum aristotelicis et galenicis consensus ac dissensu. Liber I. Wittenberg: apud Zachariam Schurerum.

Severinus, Petrus, (1571), Idea medicine philosophicae. Continens fundamenta totius doctrina Paracelsicae, Hippocraticae & Galenicae. Basilea: Ex officina Sixti Henricpetri.

Sibly, Ebenezer (1784-1792), A New and Complete Illustration of the Celestial Science of Astrology. Londres: impreso para el propietario, 1784 (Partes 1 y 2)-1792 (Partes 3 y 4).

Southey, Robert y Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (1812), Omniana or Horae Otiosores, 2. Vols., Londres: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. El capítulo “Spectral Flowers” está en el Vol. 2, pp. 82-103.

Vallemont, abbé de (Pierre de Lorrain) (1705), Curiositez de la nature et de l’art sur la vegetation, ou l’agriculture, et le jardinage dans leur perfection. París: Caude Cellier. (Traducido al inglés en 1707 y al espanol por José Orguiri, Curiosodades de la naturaleza y el arte. Madrid: Repullés, 1806.)

Vesalius, Andreas (1543), De humani corporis fabrica, Basilea: ex officina Ioannis Oporini.

Voigt, Gottfried (1668), Curiositates physicae, de resuscitatione brutorum ex mortuis, resurrectione plantarum, cantione cycnea, congressu et partu viperarum, chamaeleontis victu, aliisque rebus jucundis, raris, novis, accuratae método conscriptae… Güstrow: sumptibus auctoris exscribebat Sceippelius.

Yeats, William Butler (1922), The Trenbling of the Veil. Londres: Privately Printed for Subscribers only by T. Werner Laurie, Ltd.