El origen africano del cultivo del arroz en Las Américas

Judith A. Carney

doi:10.3989/asclepio.2015.03

Autores/as

Judith A. Carney Department of Geography, UCLA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2015.03

Palabras clave:

Arroz africano, Diáspora africana, Comercio transatlántico de esclavos, Sistema de conocimiento tradicional, Subsistencia

Resumen

El arroz no empezó a ser cultivado en las Américas sino hasta el periodo del comercio transatlántico de esclavos. Para el siglo XVIII este cultivo ya se había establecido extensamente en plantaciones desde Carolina del Sur hasta Brasil. Cultivado por esclavos así como cimarrones, tanto para la subsistencia como para la exportación, el comienzo de la cultivación de arroz en las Américas invariablemente se ha atribuido a los dueños de plantaciones europeos. Este artículo presenta evidencia del importante papel que desempeñaron los africanos en establecer la cultura del arroz en el Nuevo Mundo. Este trabajo se enfoca sobre el arroz africano (Oryza glaberrima), personas esclavizadas de África occidental para quienes este cultivo era un alimento básico, y un sistema de conocimiento indígena sobre el arroz con características idénticas entre el Atlántico africano y americano. Un estudio comparativo de usos del suelo, métodos de cultivo, procesos de molienda y tradiciones culinarias ilumina el tema de la difusión de la cultura africana de arroz a las Américas, así como la labor que desempeñaron los esclavos de África occidental en liderar el cultivo de arroz para eventualmente convertirlo en un alimento básico de subsistencia en el Nuevo Mundo.

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