Género y «domesticidad». Claves históricas de la relación terapéutica en el origen de la enfermería profesional norteamericana (1800-1860)

Ana Choperena

doi:10.3989/asclepio.2023.03

Autores/as

Ana Choperena Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Navarra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2359-6674

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2023.03

Palabras clave:

Enfermería, Siglo XIX, Género, Domesticidad, Relación terapéutica, Profesionalización

Resumen

En la primera mitad del siglo XIX, los cuidados de salud que se administraban en el ámbito doméstico en los Estados Unidos de América eran transmitidos de madres a hijas como parte del aprendizaje cotidiano femenino. En el contexto de las relaciones terapéuticas que se establecían a pie de cama de quienes enfermaban, el ejercicio de los cuidados se entendía como una manifestación moral de la mujer hacia los suyos y un ejemplo de benevolencia femenina. Se produjo un cambio paulatino en el que influyeron los movimientos sociales en favor de las mujeres y el acceso a la educación. La investigación muestra un recorrido que permite comprender el contexto cotidiano como un elemento catalizador para la visibilidad, reconocimiento y legitimidad social de los cuidados realizados por las mujeres, y su papel en la profesionalización de la enfermería y en las relaciones que se establecían entre médicos, enfermeras y aquellos que enfermaban. El artículo propone una transición progresiva desde las prácticas de los cuidados en el ámbito doméstico al de la profesionalización de las mujeres como enfermeras.

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